Everything about Qazakh totally explained
Qazakh (; also known as
Kazakh or
Gazakh) is a
rayon of
Azerbaijan. It has two
exclaves inside
Armenia,
Yukhari Askipara and
Barkhudarli, both of which came under Armenian control during the
Nagorno-Karabakh War.
History
In antiquity, this rayon was part of
Utik, a historic province of Caucasian
Albania as described by Greco-Roman historians. Around 5th-7th centuries A.D., the local historian
Movses Kaghankatvatsi as well as the medieval Armenian historians
Movses Khorenatsi and
Hovannes Draskhanakertsi referred to the region as the "Albanian plain". The region was eventually conquered by several neighboring powers including the
Sassanid Persians, the
Byzantine Greeks, the
Arabs, the
Seljuq Turks, the
Georgians, the
Mongols, the
Timurids, the
Kara Koyunlu and
Ak Koyunlu Turkoman tribes, and finally the
Safavid Iran.
After the
Russo-Persian War (1804-1813), the
Russian Empire gained control of the area by virtue of the
Treaty of Gulistan. Under Russian rule, it formed the northeastern part of the Kazakh uyezd of the
Elisabethpol Governorate. A contemporary military historian noted the following ethnographic detail: "Abbas Mirza's route lay through the country of the great tribe of the Casaks, which is extremely strong and thickly wooded." He further notes that: "These have no connection with the
Russian
Cossacks. They are descended from men of the Kirgis Casaks, left by
Genghis Khan, and are Mahomedans of the Soonnie [SunniMuslims] sect. They are frequently called
Kara Papaks, from wearing black sheep-skin caps."
With the fall of the Russian Empire, dispute over the region arose between the Armenians (who made up 39% of the population) and the Azerbaijanis (who comprised 57%). When the South Caucasus came under British occupation, Sir
John Oliver Wardrop, British Chief Commissioner in the South Caucasus, decided that assigning the
Erivan Governorate and the
Kars Oblast to
Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA) and the Elisabethpol and
Baku Governorates to the
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) would solve the region's outstanding disputes. However, this proposal was rejected by both Armenians (who didn't wish to give up their claims to Kazakh, Zangezur (today
Syunik), and
Nagorno-Karabakh) and Azerbaijanis (who found it unacceptable to give up their claims to
Nakhichevan). As conflict broke out between the two groups, the British left the region in mid-1919.
After the British evacuation and more fighting between Armenians and Azerbaijanis ensued, the
Soviet Eleventh Army led by
Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze gained control of the region which was later incorporated into the
Soviet Union as part of the
Transcaucasian SFSR. During the process of
Sovietization, the borders of the Transcaucasian republics were redrawn several times. The territory of the former Kazakh uyezd was eventually divided between the Armenian and Azerbaijani republics along ethnic and sectarian lines. The northern region, including the town of Qazakh itself was given to Azerbaijan while the southern portion, roughly corresponding to the present-day Armenian province
Tavush was given to Armenia.
During the
Nagorno-Karabakh War, Armenia gained control of Qazakh's exclaves of Yukhari Askipara and Barkhudarli. Besides this, neither country has disputed the boundary since.
List of Historic and Tourist Sites
There are 112 protected monuments in the region of Qazakh, of which, 54 are of archaeological, 46 - of architectural, 7 - of historical, and 5 - of artistic significance. Among such famous monuments are:
- The House of the Poetry of Samad Vurgun in the village Yukhari Salahli, since 1976.
- The Museum of History and Ethnography, since 1984.
- The Qazakh State Picture Gallery by the Ministry of Culture of Azerbaijan, since 1986.
- The Memorial museum of Molla Panah Vagif and Molla Vali Vidadi, since 1970.
- The House of Teachers Seminary of Qazakh, built in 1910, functioned between 1918 and 1959.
- The Bath House of Israfil Agha, built in the first decade of the 20th century by Israfil Agha Kerbelayev from the village of Kasaman.
- The Damjili Caves, in the village of Dash Salahli, south-east of the mount Avey, cover an area of 360 km2 and refer to Middle and Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic eras.
- Sinig Korpu (The Broken Bridge), 12th century bridge built over the Ehram (Khram) river in the village Ikinji Shikhli.
- The Didevan Castle, 6th-7th century monument in the village of Khanliglar.
- Mount Goyazan ), a rare archaeological monument in the village of Abbasbeyli, rises 857.9 meters above the sea level.
- The Baba Dervish Habitation, an archaeological site in the village Demirchiler.
- The Kazim Bridge in the village of Yukhari Askipara, allegedly built during the reign of Shamsi Khan.
The Juma Mosque of Qazakh, built in 1902 by Akhund Haji Zeynalabdin Mahammadli Oglu from the village of Kasaman.
The Aslanbeyli Mosque built in 1909 by Hamid Efendi, the native of village Aslanbeyli.
Santepe, an archaeological site referring back to 9th-8th centuries B.C. and the Iron Age.
The Avey Caucasian Albanian Temple, built in 5th-6th century A.D. at the southern peak of Mount Avey.
The Qazakhbeyli Hills, an archaeological site referring to the 8th-6th centuries B.C. near the village of Qazakhbeyli.
The Shikhli Human Camp, an archaeological site near the village of Birinji Shikhli.
Prominent people from Qazakh
Ali-Agha Shikhlinski - (1865-1943) general-lieutenant of the artillery, known as "God of Russian artillery".
Farrukh Gayibov - (1889-1916) the first Azerbaijani pilot, was awarded the 4th class order of "Saint Georgi".
Ibrahim aga Vakilov - (1853-1934) general, the first Azerbaijani military topographer.
Javad bey Shikhlinski - (1876-1940) general-mayor, the commander of the division.
Ibrahim bey Usubov - (1872-1920) general-mayor, the commander of the division.
Mirza Huseyn afandi Gayibov - (1830-1917) the Chair of the Ecclesiastical Department of Transcaucasia.
Molla Vali Vidadi - (1707-1809) prominent poet of Azerbaijan.
Molla Panah Vagif - (1717-1797) prominent poet of Azerbaijan and social figure.
Mukhtar Hajiyev - (1876-1938) the first chairman of Azerbaijan Central Executive Committee in 1921
Samad Vurgun - (1906-1956) National Poet of Azerbaijan (the first who deserved this title)
Osman Sarivelli - (1905-1990) national poet of Azerbaijan.
Mehdi Huseyn - (1909-1964) National Writer of Azerbaijan. Prominent writer-dramatist, critic.
Mirvarid Dilbazi - (1912-2001) national poet of Azerbaijan
Amina Dilbazi - (1919) ballet-master. National Artist of Azerbaijan.
Elazan Bayjan (Haji Hasanzadeh) - (1913-1989) poet-doctor. Set up private medical clinics in Freyburg, Germany.
Ismayil Shykhly - (1919-1995) National Writer of Azerbaijan, scientist- pedagogue, social-political figure.
Elmira Huseynova - (1933-1995) sculptor.
Fatma Vakilova - (1912-1987) professor, doctor of geology-mineralogy sciences.
Sayad Zeynalov - (1886-1942) deserved 4th class "Saint Georgi" order
Teymur Bunyadov - (1928) academician, historian-ethnographer.
Tahir Isayev, a.k.a. Serafino - (1922-2001) national hero of Italy.
Ali Mustafayev - (1952-1991) National Hero of Azerbaijan.
Demographics
Population:84.569
Azeris 99.8% (84.399)
Footnotes
Further Information
Get more info on 'Qazakh'.
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